The escalating Iran conflict has expanded beyond Tehran and Jerusalem, drawing in Gulf states, European powers and regional militias amid intensifying military strikes and retaliations.
- United States: President Trump launched large-scale strikes targeting Iran’s nuclear and missile infrastructure. At least six U.S. service members have died. U.S. embassies remain on high alert, and the State Department urged Americans to leave the region immediately.
- Israel: Coordinated with Washington on the initial assault following failed nuclear talks. Israeli strikes reportedly killed Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and senior officials. Israel continues air and ground operations across multiple fronts.
- United Arab Emirates: Absorbed roughly 800 Iranian projectiles. Drones struck a hotel on Palm Jumeirah and ignited fires at Jebel Ali Port. The UAE closed its Tehran embassy and is considering military action.
- Qatar: Suspended much of its natural gas production after drone strikes on energy facilities. Qatari forces reportedly shot down two Iranian Su-24 jets, despite historically balanced ties with Washington and Tehran.
- Kuwait: Targeted early in the conflict. U.S. officials said American jets were mistakenly downed by friendly Kuwaiti fire; all six crew members ejected safely and are in stable condition.
- Bahrain: Iran targeted U.S. bases, including areas near the Navy’s 5th Fleet headquarters in Manama. Residential buildings in the capital were also struck by drones.
- Oman: U.S. bases in Oman were attacked despite Muscat’s prior role mediating indirect nuclear talks between Washington and Tehran.
- Saudi Arabia: Iranian strikes hit U.S. bases and the embassy in Riyadh. Drones targeted the Ras Tanura oil refinery, forcing a partial shutdown. Israeli officials believe Riyadh may consider military action.
- Jordan: Missiles and drones were fired at U.S. military installations within the kingdom, expanding the conflict’s geographic scope.
- Lebanon: Hezbollah entered the war on Iran’s side, launching attacks on Israel and breaking a November 2024 ceasefire. Israel responded with heavy strikes and a southern Lebanon incursion.
- Iraq: Iran struck the Kurdish region. Pro-Iranian militias attacked U.S. bases, and supporters attempted to storm the U.S. embassy compound in Baghdad.
- Cyprus: Drones hit the British Royal Air Force base at Akrotiri, reportedly linked to Hezbollah, drawing the U.K. and EU deeper into the conflict.
- United Kingdom: Prime Minister Keir Starmer authorized U.S. use of British bases and deployed naval and counter-drone assets after the Cyprus strike.
- France and Germany: Initially urged renewed negotiations but reconsidered after Iranian strikes affected their personnel, including a German camp in Jordan. Chancellor Friedrich Merz discussed the conflict with Trump in Washington.